The Fascinating History of Ankara – From Origins to Modern Day

The Fascinating History of Ankara – From Origins to Modern Day

🧠 Introduction

What if we told you that Türkiye’s capital, Ankara, was once a thriving Phrygian stronghold, a Roman trade center, and the birthplace of a modern republic? Often overshadowed by Istanbul, Ankara has been central to the story of Anatolia for over 3,000 years. Let’s uncover the history of this inland city that helped reshape an entire nation.




🏩 1. Early Foundations: Phrygians, Hittites & Galatians

Ankara has been inhabited since the Bronze Age, with early settlements linked to the Hatti and later Hittite civilizations.

  • Around 1000 BCE, the Phrygians made the city an important cultural center.
  • Later controlled by the Lydians and Persians.
  • In the 3rd century BCE, the Galatians, a Celtic tribe, renamed it Ancyra.

Who founded Ankara?

While not attributed to a single founder, Ankara's early development was shaped by the Phrygians and Galatians.


📜 2. Roman & Byzantine Influence

The city gained prominence under Roman Emperor Augustus, who declared Ancyra a key provincial capital.

  • The Temple of Augustus and Rome still stands today.
  • Became an administrative and military hub.
  • Continued importance under the Byzantines, with a rise in Christian structures.

Historical landmarks?

  • Ankara Castle
  • Temple of Augustus
  • Roman Baths
  • Column of Julian


🏰 3. Seljuk & Ottoman Eras

Conquered by the Seljuks in the 11th century and then the Ottomans in 1356, Ankara transitioned into an important regional center.

  • Known for its Angora wool (from the Angora goat).
  • Grew as a trade and textile hub along the Silk Road.

Role during the Ottoman Empire?

Ankara was not a major capital but thrived economically through trade, especially wool and textiles.


🏛️ 4. Architecture & Culture

Ankara blends ancient ruins, medieval fortifications, and early Republican architecture.

  • The Ankara Castle offers sweeping views of the city and ancient stone walls.
  • Traditional Anatolian houses are preserved in Hamamonu.
  • Several Ottoman mosques like Haci Bayram Mosque show Islamic heritage.


👑 5. Atatürk and the Birth of Modern Türkiye

Ankara took center stage in the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923).

  • Chosen as the base of resistance led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
  • Became the capital of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, replacing Istanbul.
  • Site of many early reforms in governance, law, and education.

Key figures?

  • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – founder of modern Türkiye and Ankara’s defining figure.


🏙️ 6. Ankara Today: Capital with Character

Now a city of over 5.7 million, Ankara is home to the national government, embassies, universities, and cultural institutions.

What is Ankara known for?

As the capital of Türkiye and the seat of government, Ankara is known for politics, history, and education.

Why is Ankara famous?

It’s the center of modern Turkish statehood and the final resting place of Atatürk (Anıtkabir).

Is Ankara safe to visit?

Yes. It’s considered safe, especially in central and cultural districts.

What language is spoken in Ankara?

Turkish is the main language.

Cost of living in Ankara?

Lower than Istanbul. Good public services, affordable housing, and food.

Population of Ankara in 2025?

Estimated at over 5.7 million.


🍽️ 7. Cuisine, Culture & Daily Life

Famous food in Ankara?

  • Beypazari kebab
  • Ankara tava (lamb with orzo)
  • Carrot delight and soda from Beypazari

Festivals and markets?

  • International Film Festival
  • Ankara Music Festival
  • Local produce and antique markets in Hamamonu & Ulus


🌏 8. Explore Ankara

Best places to visit in Ankara?

  • Anıtkabir (Atatürk's Mausoleum)
  • Ankara Castle
  • Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
  • Hamamonu
  • CerModern Art Museum

Hidden gems in Ankara?

  • Altındag Roman ruins
  • Erimtan Archaeology Museum
  • Genclik Park

Top tourist attractions?

  • Kocatepe Mosque
  • Ethnography Museum
  • Rahmi Koc Museum

Best time to visit Ankara?

Spring and Autumn for pleasant weather and cultural events.

Day trips from Ankara?

  • Beypazari (Ottoman town)
  • Gölbaşı lakes
  • Hattusa ruins (UNESCO site)


👨‍🎓 9. For Students & Expats

Best universities?

  • Middle East Technical University (METU)
  • Bilkent University
  • Hacettepe University

Cost of studying?

Public universities are low-cost. Private universities vary by program.

Moving to Ankara guide?

  • Affordable housing in Cankaya & Bahcelievler
  • Extensive metro & bus system
  • Safe, organized, and politically significant


🪨 10. Lesser-Known Facts

  • Ankara’s name means "anchor", tied to an ancient Galatian legend.
  • Roman inscriptions in the Temple of Augustus detail Augustus’ achievements (Monumentum Ancyranum).
  • Angora wool, cats, and rabbits originate from this region.


📍 Conclusion

From Phrygian settlement to the pulse of a modern republic, Ankara’s story is one of resilience and reinvention. More than just a capital, it is a living symbol of Türkiye’s past, present, and future.


📢 Call to Action

What surprised you most about Ankara's ancient and modern roles? Share your thoughts or visit us for more stories!

Explore more historical cities at WorldCityHistory.com and follow our journey through time. You may read about Anatalia  or maybe Istanbul

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